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A MAJOR new source of export earning for the country can emerge through the development of an export-oriented silk industry. Bangladesh has been on the world map as a silk producing country for a long time. Its production of natural silk and weaving of the same is as old as the very well established silk industry in other parts of the Indian subcontinent. But India is among the top five countries of the world in respect of silk production whereas Bangladesh is a very tiny player indeed, in the world silk business notwithstanding that it possesses hospitable natural conditions for the establishment of a large silk industry with a strong export orientation.

In terms of weather conditions, Bangladesh is ideally located to grow mulberry trees and rear silkworms in them. The two are the main requirements for producing natural silk which has big demand in the rich markets of the developed countries in Europe and North America. It has been assessed by experts that the establishment of an export-oriented silk industry here can be no less successful in earning foreign currency than the present highest foreign currency earner, ready-made garment (RMG).

Silk and apparels made out of silk are relatively more expensive than apparels made of cotton and synthetic fabrics by RMG industries. Besides, the RMG industries import the greater part of their raw materials like fabric and for this reason its value-addition remains insufficient. In contrast, the silk industry could be developed to be mainly self-sufficient where value addition would be maximum because the entire quantity of raw silk could be naturally produced here. There is huge possibility of growing mulberry trees in fallow and marginal lands. However, at the outset, some initial investments will have to be made in rearing quality silkworms and also care will have to be exercised to grow high quality trees to maximise production and ensure quality.

The investment to be made in developing a sound silk industry would be far small compared to the large investments required to even set up a single composite mill in the textile sector. Thus, these factors of low investment and nearly one hundred per cent value addition plus the more expensive products to be made out of silk , seem to promise substantially greater earnings in the long run. Besides, the production of raw silk requires very little wage costs since all it needs is easily trained family labour. Therefore, it can be one of the best occupations where rural women of Bangladesh can be easily employed in large numbers.

Considering all of the above, the Bangladesh Silk Board (BSB) should engage in greater activities to encourage stepped up production of raw silk and, more importantly, seek out private parties which would be ready to invest in silk with the aim of export. Apart from the possibilities of earning foreign currency from export, the employment generation capacity of a silk industry also needs to be taken into consideration as among the motivators to develop such an industry.